When your dog won’t stop scratching, it’s tempting to grab the same hydrocortisone cream you’d use for your own bug bite or rash. But human medications aren’t always safe for pets, and in this case, that little tube could cause more harm than help. Human-grade hydrocortisone isn’t made for dogs. Here’s what dog parents need to know before applying anything.
What is Hydrocortisone?
Hydrocortisone is part of a group of drugs called glucocorticoid steroids. It sounds complicated, but let’s break it down:
- “Gluco” refers to glucose (sugar) because these types of steroids help manage how the body uses sugar.
- “Cortico” comes from the word “cortex,” referring to the outer part of the adrenal glands, where hormones are made naturally.
- “Steroid” means it’s a hormone-like substance that affects inflammation, the immune system, and more.
In short? Hydrocortisone is a man-made version of a natural hormone that tells the body to cool it when the immune system is overreacting — like during an allergic reaction.
What is Hydrocortisone Used for in Dogs?
Hydrocortisone is often used to treat allergies, hot spots, insect bites, and skin irritation. It usually comes in creams, sprays, shampoos, and ear drops. However, these products should only be used as directed by a vet.
For more severe cases, some dogs need an oral or injectable form. For instance, when a dog requires emergency treatment for hypoadrenocorticism (Addisonian crisis), the vet may administer a hydrocortisone injection and put the pet on oral hydrocortisone to treat the disease long-term.
Why Human-Grade Hydrocortisone Isn’t Safe for Dogs
Human hydrocortisone creams, ointments, etc., aren’t made for dogs. While they may look similar, there are key differences in the strength, formulation, and ingredients that can be harmful for your pup. Here’s why:
Strength & Concentration
Human hydrocortisone products frequently contain a higher concentration of the active ingredient. While a 1% or higher concentration may be safe for people, it’s too strong for dogs and can cause skin irritation or other side effects.
Additional Ingredients
Many human products contain additives, fragrances, or other chemicals that may irritate your dog’s skin or cause allergic reactions. These ingredients are fine for humans but can be harmful to animals.
Potential Toxicity
Even small amounts of human-grade hydrocortisone can be toxic to dogs, especially if ingested or applied improperly. Dogs are more likely to lick off the cream, increasing the risk of swallowing harmful chemicals.
If your dog eats hydrocortisone cream, you’ll need to call the Pet Poison Helpline and your veterinarian right away. Learn more: dog poisoning signs.
Formulation Differences
The formulation of a product refers to how the ingredients are mixed and designed to work together. Human hydrocortisone creams are created for human skin, which has different properties from dog skin. For example, dogs have thinner skin, and some ingredients in human creams can cause irritation or worse. Veterinary hydrocortisone products are specifically made to be safe and effective for dogs’ unique skin.
In other words, just because something is safe for humans doesn’t mean it’s safe for your dog.
Always consult with your veterinarian before applying or giving any medication (even if it’s labeled as safe for dogs).
How to Safely Treat Your Dog’s Skin Issues
When your dog is scratching or has an irritating rash, you’ll want to get them relief, but it’s important to do so safely. Here are the steps to follow:
- Consult Your Vet
Always consult your veterinarian before applying any products to your dog’s skin. They can recommend the right medication or treatment plan based on your dog’s condition. - Use Vet-Approved Products
Stick to hydrocortisone products that are formulated specifically for pets. These are safe and effective for treating conditions like itching, hot spots, and insect bites. - Follow Instructions Carefully
Whether using an over-the-counter or prescription hydrocortisone product, follow the dosage and application instructions exactly as directed by your vet. Keep hydrocortisone products away from the eyes, nose, and mouth at all times. - Monitor Your Dog for Side Effects
Keep an eye out for any negative reactions after applying the treatment. If your dog experiences excessive itching, redness, or swelling, contact your vet immediately.
Signs You Should Call the Vet
Even with the right medication, sometimes your dog’s condition may require more attention. Be on the lookout for these signs that it’s time to call the vet:
- No Improvement: If there’s no improvement within a couple of days, your dog might need a different treatment.
- Increased Irritation: If the rash gets worse or your dog seems in more pain, it’s important to seek veterinary help.
- Infection Signs: Watch for pus, foul odors, or any discharge from the affected area, which could signal an infection.
- Toxicity Symptoms: If your dog eats hydrocortisone cream or shows symptoms like vomiting, excessive drooling, or lethargy, seek emergency veterinary care.
Hydrocortisone Can Help Your Dog, But Use it Safely
Hydrocortisone can be a helpful treatment for dogs when used correctly, but it’s important to use products designed specifically for pets. By consulting your vet, using the right products, and closely monitoring your dog, you can keep your furry friend comfortable and safe.